Swadeshi Movement In Hamirpur

In every phase of the freedom struggle Hamirpur district has been some sort of cooperation. After the revolution of 1857 for some decades agitational activities contributed by this area were low. but when Lord Curjon divided Bengal in 1905 the whole country stirred once again. In such situation how this district remain silent.

 In the tiny village of Rath Thshil, Jharakhar had taken a political stretched in protests to Bangal dissolution. 

That time some anti British revolutionary news paper like 'Keshari' published in Nagpur, 'Venkteswar' published in Bombay, 'Bharat Jeewan' published in Kashi, and 'Shubhchintak' published in Reewan reccieved by  Khoob Chandra rawat and Gauri Shankar Lambar Dar. These became Jarakhar political consciousness. The people refused to pay rent to the British  which was a big adventure  at the time. People were beaten in Rath. 

Pt Parmanand was set free from Lahor jail in 1 august 1937 and come to Hamirpur. He used to fill the thoughts of nationalism to the youngsters whenever he come to Sinkraundha.

It is the matter of 1912,There was an anniversary of Aarya Society in Aaarya Society Temple Rath. In which Munsiram was  prominent activist, who later became known as Swami Shardanand, He established Gurukul Kangri.

There was a private house of Gopal Prasad who was the older brother of Pt Parmanand. Gopal Prasad and his brother Bldeo and Ram Charan lived in the house . This was the place where Pt parmanand Met with Sri Pati Sahay Rawat. At the instance of Parmananda Pro. Naidu ( He were known as modern Bhim at that time. He used to stand elephant on his chest keeping a big plank in his chest. He break the chains of iron which bind Elephant. He was the contemporary of Gama wrestler.) taught Exercises to Sri Pati Sahay Rawat.

Pt Parmanand spoke in Arya Samaj temple and sowed the seeds of revolution to Sri Pati Sahay Rawat and several people. He also met with head master of Jarakhar Mr.Chaturbhuj parashar. There he opted Sri Pati Sahay for revolution. Deewan Shatrughan Singh also discovered revolutionary youth in Hamirpur. And they created an organization of such people. There conference had been locked in theforest of Mangrauth. Youth arenas had been established for the practice of wrestling and physical exercise. soon matter of Jarakhar arenas spread all around. But the British Government was unknown about thease arenas. Jarakhar revolutionaries began to meet with activists of Mangrauth.

Diwan ji also discovered a revolutionary script which was sent to all for practice. Programs, Notices and news of the congress party were delivered in the same script so that the British could not detect the purpose of the party. Sri Pati Sahay Rawat wrote a book which revealed idea of ​​revolution and given it to Deewan Shatrughan Singh. It contains the organization of troops, weapons accumulation of scriptures, strategic forces and sabotage emphasized the particular duty. Diwan Ji visited several states to combine with the other indigenous groups . He met with Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, Sachindra Nath SanyalArjun Lal Sethi and Bengali revolutionaries. Deewaan Shatrughan Singh met with Chandra Shekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh  and Bhagat Singh by the request of Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi. Thus Mangrauth became a land of revolutionary.

In 1919 Gandhi had accepted the proposal of non-cooperation under the direction of Vijay Raghwacharya in Nagpur Congress. The eyes of the nation rested on Mahatma Gandhi. Hamirpur patriot attracted towards Gandhi. So influential leaders of Bundelkhand started Congress .

Atma Ram Govind Kher and Raghunath dhulekar of Jhansi, Pt Mannilal Ji Pandey and Beni Madhaw Tiwari of Orai,Krishn Gopal Sharma of Konch, Kunwar Harprasad Singh banda, Chunni Lal Jain and Shankar lal Jain Mahoba,

It was 1919. Deewan shatrughan Singh,Sri pati sahay Rawat Beceme member of Kangress.That time Dewan Sahab Was 20 Years old and Rawat was 21.

The Hamirpur Congress took its first step in opposition to the practice of forced labor in the Rath. They come to Sikraundha from Mangrauth and its first meeting was held against forced labor. They encouraged landlords not to accept Forced labor and Harijans not not to do it. They also advertise Khaadi and forced labor even in the markets and fairs. Thus these Congressmen opposed to forced labor practice wandering around in Rath. There is a temple of Shyamla Devi in Sarsai Near rath. Where in the fair they made public relation by watering to the thirsty person.

He vigorous campaign to consolidate Hindu unity. Devan ji in 1920, gave full cooperation in Muslim festival Muharram. Rath's Hindu brothers given red carpet welcome to Tajiyas. And provided snacks at every door. Similarly, Muslims, too, have contributed to Hindu festival Jal Vihar of Rath.

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Manni Lal Gurudeo

Simple living and high thinking was the basic virtue of Manni Lal Gurudeo born in a Brahmin Family in vikram era 1956 at Gahrauli. His father was pt Gokul Prasad Gurudeo who was a famous landlord in the district.He was started to take interest in ideology of Aarya society from childhood. Inspired by this spirit he pledged to remove prejudices of Hindu culture and the pioneered for security of basic doctrines of Hindu Vedic tradition. He deeply studied cultural, regional and literature books. Gurudeo also learned Hindi, Sanskrat and Urdu language.

In those days, around Ghruli some cristian missinaries were spreading hallucinatory religious exercises among Harijans and backward classes. Gurudo faced them boldly. And stopped there every propaganda.He participated in  Lahore session Arya society. And participated in Dayanand century festivals held in Mathura with many of his colleagues and made it successful. For the country's freedom when Gandhi ji Started movement in full swing, he started working in politics with Deewan Shatrughan Singh the Bundelkhand Keshari for assistance. And there was not any movement in which Gurudo had not participated. He was a close friend and colleague of Deewan Shatughan Singh. It was said that if Deewaan ji was a Gandhi of the district  than Manni Lal Gurudeo was a Sardar Patel.

From 1921 he participated in every movement as a assistant of Dewwan Shatrughan Singh.He actively participated in Khilafat Movement of 1922, salt movement in 1930, Civil disobedience movement in 1932, individual movement  and quit India movement in 1942. He passed jail life in Hamirpur, Unnao, Lucknow and Fatehgarh camp jail.He had to face total 7 years of jail term.which he enjoyed like a true patriot.

His heart was rigid as iron and soft like butter. He always done that work which he determined.He always trust the friends. No any power could change his idea of friendship. He was the member of Hamirpur district council for a long time. And for the period of 1952 to 1957 he was the member of UP legislative. He was respected by many other leaders due to his intellectuality and argumentative capabilities. In 1936 There held a Congress political conference in Gahrauli, in which Pt Jawahar Lal Nehru, Pt Govind Ballabh Pant, Shri Prakash and Dr Sampoorna nand arrived. On that conference the role of Manni lal Gurudeo was praiseworthy.

Ghruli temple is a A great historical center of Bundelkhand Rajykranti. The temple was built by ancestors of Pt Manni Lal Gurudeo. This is the same temple fromwhere entire political work of 1930, 1932 and 1942 was circulated.The chief political letter Bundelkhand  Kesari was published in this temple. The entire work load was on Gurudo. Hundreds of workers were find shelter in the temple. Whose full Expenses were borne by Gurudo. Pt Manni Lal Gurudeo and Sri pati Sahay Rawat Both together as freedom fighters were presented Taamra Patra by Indira Gandhi on Delhi's Red Fort on the occasion of 25th the Silver Jubilee of freedom. Rural population of the district used to say him the gems of Sarpanch.

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Pt Ram Sanehi

In 1926 Pt Ramsnehi involved in district politics with Deewaan Shatrughan Singh at the request of lawyer of Banda Kunwar Harprasad Singh. Sripati Sahay Rawat was arrested on dated 4 th june 1930 from Gandhi Ashram Rath during 1930's Salt Satyagraha movement .There was a gathering against it at Beera. It is believed that this gathering had huge crowd,such crowd did not appear anywhere except Jarakhar Freedom Conference. At that meeting, after listening the speech of Pt Ram Sanehi the current collector of that time Mr B.B Bhatkankar wrote in his report "all the leaders of Hamirpur district have arrested one by one accept a young man called Pt Ram Sanehi is remain. If it has not been arrested within a month he will create a mutiny in the district. The Ram sanehi have magical speech capability, by which he attracts the public.I am ordering to the jail authorities to keep Pt Ram Sanehi in loneliness."

Therefore Ram Sanehi always kept in seclusion. In 1930 Pt Ram Sanehi received a sentence of rigorous imprisonment of 2 years and fine of Rs 50. He was sent to Fatehpur jail in 27-07-1930. In Fatehpur jail there was a polis prisinar named Ramprasad. He was very cruel.It come to knowledge that Ram Prasad was a robber and his sister's husband was also involved in the robbery. A man has died, and his Bahnoi said to the Magistrate that the man is shoot dead by him.He was hanged till death and Ram Prasad got imprisionment of 8 years.One day the jailer said to Ramprasad that beat the prisionars and drown them in the water tank.As soon as he picked up the baton, some prisoner went to Pt Ram Sanehi and said "Save !he will take my life" Pt Ram Sanehi come out of the hospital and said to Ram Prasad "Why are you showing such bravery. It is not visible when the law hanged your Bahnoi and made your sister a widow. After listening this Ram prasad jumped and fell to the ground and became unconscious.

Ram Sanehi soon informed the doctor. And took him in, feed him, placing his head on his lap. After the arrival of Doctor he became silent. The mother and his widow sister come and started crying in front of Ram Sanehi. Doctors treatment was unsuccessful and soon he died.

In 1932 Pt Ram Sanehi was declared the fifth master of the district. who got the responsibility to stick the posters in Maudaha Kans Fair and the Markets.Ram Sanehi with the help of Shyam Bihari Chaube sticked the posters everywhere in polis station and shops at night. At three oclock night they ran away from two different path.Then the Congress office was in the palace of Deewan sahab in Kargawan. Ram Sanehi went to  his ultimate friend Chandan Singh at Khajuri. And took the floor from there and made bread in the field of Amgaon and ate. Those days mails were censored.So Congress mails delivered individually. Pt Ram Sanehi set Pt Manni Lal Gurudeo free from jail using the strength of his personality. Thus his role in freedom struggle was memorable.

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Bihari Lal Viswkarma

Bihari Lal Viswkarma, a great patriot of hamirpur was born in Sarila Kingdom in 1901. He passed Middle school in 1918 But after that his study closed due to poverty. He was married when he was 17 years old and he became a Survey clerk in Public work department. He resigned from his service in 1930 and started working in Gandhi Ashram Rath. 

Once when the collector of Kulpahad Mr Gerdon was speaking at the peace meeting, he arrested by the order of Mahoba Parganadheesh for shouting 'Bharat Mata Ki Jai and Mahatma Gandhi Ki Jai' in the public meeting and received imprisonment of four months from the court and a fine of Rs 20. He was just released From Hamirpur Jail when his wife Named Kastoori Devi who have a child of 4 years had arrested while participating in a movement and was sentenced to 6 months with Rs 25 penalty..

He had to gone to Panna for Bussiness purpose. He founded 'Praja Mandal' in 1937. In 1942 his role in the Quit India Movement was praiseworthy. Meanwhile, he contacted with the leaders Banarasi das Chaturvedi and Pt Lala Ram Bajpeyi. In 1944.  A civil suit was lanched in Sarila over them due to their active cooperation in national movements. After a month's detention He was released .

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Rameswar Singh : Khadehi

Rameswar Singh ( Bapu) of Khadehi Lodhan, Hamirpur, UP played a excellent role in Indian freedom struggle. He was a good patriot from his childhood. Rameswar Singh reccived proper support of Shripati Sahay Rawat and Radheshyam Mishra. Thus he became agitator in little age of 14-15 years. 

He was directed a Movement in Damu Purwa for which. He received rigorous imprisonment under the act 38/121 D.I.R. He passed jail life in Lucknow and Hamirpur Camp jail. He sentenced for the imprisonment of 2 years and penalty of Rs 300. He was set free in January 1942. He was used to wear Khadi from his early childhood. He was famous by the name of Bapu.

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Prominents Of Rath.

Iswar Das Nanna and Hardaas Nanna both were the brothers. His birth was in Vikram Era 1958 and 1961 respectively. His father's name was Matadin, a staunch patriot who was the large landlord of Itaura Rath. 

Matadin took sanyasa in 1921 which Over time, become famous by the name Swami Brahmananda. He was the pupil of Swami Brahmananda. Swami Srwanand participated in national movements of 1932, 1941 and 1942 and faced prison tourture. His son also were the great patriot and both have the virtue of his father. 

 Iswrdas Nanna received 6 months imprisonment in personal Satyagraha of 1941. Hrdas Nanna was also sentenced for 6 months imprisonment with penalty of Rs 30.

Samwat 1970, a patriot named Balkishan was born in Rath in the sacred land of Hamirpur.He faced freedom fight and arrested for six month with penalty of 10 rupees and penal servitude of one year with penalty of 50 rupees next in private passive.Next year once again he had to endured the difficulty of jail life of 3 month.He passed his life as a legislator in Rath during 1977.

Seth Heera Lal Agrawal was one of the city's elite individuals of Rath. His father Jugal Kishoe was a landlord. He was simple hearted and popular In 1932 he bacame the mayer of Rath Municipality. When Gandhi Ji  converged in Rath in 1932. A public meeting was held in the sprawling grounds of their habitat. Gandhi scaffold is made at that place where the meeting was held. Seth Heera Lal Agrawal was no more since 1939.


Hari Bhai was born in Rath. He had good personality and attractive demeanor with good moral character. He started his life with study under district counsel .After sometime he united with Deewan Shatrughan sigh .With the help of Deewan Sahab he found himself near the nationalist group attached with Gandhi Ashram Rath so he turned his attention to work in Gandhi ashram and unite himself with district agitators group when he was in prime of his age. Hari Bhai played a memorable role with congress movement and had to pass a long imprisonment in all over the uttar pradesh.jail. His first wife Jamuna Devi also took part in congress movement with Rani Rajendra Kumari and got imprisonment many times. Hari Bhai arranged his another marriage in Banaras with a teacher. He passed his entire life as a nationalist.

Shambhunath Shukla was born in Vikram Era 1969 In Saidpur Rath, and considered as the supporter of Deewan Shatrughan Singh and Shri Pati Sahay Rawat.He participated in Salt Movement of 1930 in which he was sentenced by 3 Month in prison.He also took part in Civil disobey movement in 1932 and reccived 6 months of jail terms.Once again he was arrested in 1933 due to the particiption of movement.in which he got imprisionment of 6 months with the penalty of Rs 30.In 1941 He was arrested again due to participation of individual movement. British Government imparted penalty of Rs 25 and 6 months of jail terms.


His wife Mrs Bhagwati Devi was also a great lady patriot and freedom fighter of Hamirpur District.She was always with her husband in every movement like a adventuress.She was impressed by Rani Rajendra Kumari.Mrs Bhagwati Devi Shukla participated in Civil disobey movement in 1932 and 1933.Thus she also reccived imprisionment of 6 months for each.Pt Shambhunath Shukla was shoot dead by some unknown person.

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Babu Baijnath Singh :Beera

Babu Baijnath Singh was born in Beera in Vikram Samvat 1954.His education was until the middle class in Hindi.His father Mr. Matadeen Lodhi was a farmer in Beera village.He took an active participation in Gandhi ji's non-cooperation movement. Village Beera was always forward in every freedom struggle of India. Once There was a large gathering in this village with 20,000 people In which the decision to break every kind of relationship with British government taken. The village had agreed for not to pay agricultural rent to the government. 

When Hamirpur district magistrate received report of valor full proceedings of the village. several dignitaries of Beera village were arrested and jailed . Government also gave one year rigorous imprisonment to Baijnath's father. Baijnath Singh was always active in every movements of 1930, 1932, 1940, and 1942 .He passed total 8 years of jail period. He was very brave and bold. His wife Gulab Devi, also participated in non-violent freedom movement. Her sentence was 6 months for jail.

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Natural Crises

As we discussed about the geology, topography and the pattern of rainfall. These factors make the district prone to both drought and flood.

Hamirpur is roughly bounded by rivers on three sides. Betwa river tributaries with rain at the time the water rises too. Which sometimes increases dangerously. As in 2013 .

In the  district, The problem is rapidly growing  by erratic rainfall and very low  forest cover. Thus , the natural problems like drought, flood and earthqueack are occurs in every few years. The pattern and extent of drought and flood in the district over a period of 10 years is really shocking.

1966-67 Drought
1967-68 flood
1968-69 Drought
1969-70 Drought
1970-71 flood
1971-72 Excessive rains, then failure of rains and drought
1972-73 Drought
1973-74 Drought
1974-75 Excessive rains, then failure of rains and drought
1975-76 Excessive rains, then failure of rains and drought

There is earthquakes reports too in district. Severe famine hit the region in 1905-07, so that the population of Banda and Jalaun districts reduced to half, due to migration to other parts of UP. Severe floods were experienced in 1992.

Probably the poor rainfall recorded in Hamirpur was in 2004-2007, when below average and erratic rain was reported in most parts of the region. 

It is assumed that 70% of the region's tanks and ponds had dried up there was a steep fall in groundwater levels. Hence the grain production decreases.The labour migration increased from to other location after sowing whear.

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Shri Dayal Saxena

Shri Dayal Saxena was born in Rath. His father's name was Ram Dayal Saxena. His parents were died in his childhood.so he was looked after by his uncle Gajadhar Prasad Saxena. He was passed middle school in 1938.He was used to wear Khaadi Since Student life.First of all he come to contact with Aarya Samaj after that he became the member of Congress. His education could not proceed because of political movements.

In 1941 due to participation in civil disobedience movement, he was sentenced one year rigorous imprisonment and a penalty of Rs 50.  He Passed jail period in Hamirpur, Basti and Barabanki jails. Saxena ji was injured In Basti jail due to the dispute between the police officials and political prisoners in jail. soon he was transfered to Chunaar Fort with eight other prisoners. He was released from Chunar Fort  on 12 July 1941. He was  re-arrested on 25 September 1941 due to the activities under the Indian security Act . Saxena was sentenced of 6 months imprisonment and a fine of Rs 25. He served this prison sentence in  Hamirpur Jail. Because of their increasing involvement in political activities, on  14 August 1942 The collector of that time Sultan Ahmed Khan, held a peace meeting in Rath.  Saxena took over the program of dissolution of  peace meeting . At that time to create hindrance in the work of British government was a crime and shot at large. 

 Somehow saxena entered into the  peace gathering by changing the look. and up withed Mother India and Mahatma Gandhi with the slogans 'Do or Die' He was also fly the indian flag. The bureaucracy socked. After the dissolution of the peace meating he escaped away. He was arrested in Ghanauri. the current inspector named Ganga Baksa Singh was a bloodthirsty polis man. He tortured him badly.He was interned nearly two and a half years because of this movement. During this period they are in Hamirpur and Unnao jail. It was famous that he prefer dying rather than bend . He died on 23 September 1993.

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Kalpa Taru

Kalpavriksha, Parijaat tree or kalpataru (Adansonia digitata)  tree is situated on the bank of Yamuna River. It is a tree whose average life is more than 2500 years. It is a wish-fulfilling or Boon-Giving divine tree in Hindu mythology.

 It was mentioned in Sanskrit literature (Rig Veda) from the earliest sources onwards. Sage Durvasa meditated under the Kalpavriksha. Shiva's daughter Ashok Sundari was created from Kalpavriksha tree by Parvati, to alleviate her loneliness.

 As per mythology, if you wish anything from this tree, it fulfills the wish. Considered as sacred among Hindus, the tree is believed to have been one of the nine jewels, which were churned out of the sea (Samudra Manthan) by the demons and gods. The king of the gods, Indra, had taken this tree to his paradise. 

Nearly every part of the tree has some medicinal value. Both the fruit and leaves are high in vitamin. It is single and rare in Uttar pradesh district and preserved by adminitration.

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Hamirpur in Nagpur Flag Movement

In 1924 after Chauri Chaura massacre Mahatma Gandhi once said  that he will not start the movement until the environment of violence will not stop in the country. At the same time, some people in Nagpur Civil Lines, was trying to hoist the flag. At that time only British colony was there. They said to the revolutionaries not to fly the flag in civil lines only our flag 'Union Jack' can be flown. The issue rises quickly all over the country,Congress started Jhanda Satyagrah at Nagpur, against the local law prohibiting the use of flag in Nagpur. Soon people from all the states began to reach Nagpur. they were beaten and arrested and were jailed by British on charges of breach act 144 . Agitators from all over the india began to reach there and Nagpur flag movement was started.but no any person from Bundelkhand was reach there. so Pt Jawahar Lal Nehru called Deewan Shatrughan Singh to his home Anand Bhawan Allahabad and demanded some agitators for Nagpur flag movement.

5 revolutionary from Jarakhar was ready to go in Nagpur flag movement. SripatiSahay Rawat, Kirat, Indrajit, pancham Luhar and grove AB. They all dressed and reached Allahabad where Pt Nehru explained about the brutality of police and provided identity card. They reached Nagpur through Jabalpur and Gondia. There were total of 150 volunteers train from Uttar Pradesh. they fly the flag in the train and announced that no one will not remove any of these flags until the single revolutionary alive.Some Englishmen were also traveling in the train. When the train stopped at the Balaghat  station a rail guard  came to the agotators coaches and said "Tum log paidal jana mangta" agitator replied that "hum train se jana mangta lekin jhanda nahi hatana mangta" The train arrived Nagpur at 5 pm .

they all got out through a different gate. Police team surrounded them and beaten through the gun bunk until they were bled. Some people's bones were broken. Shripati Sahay Rawat deeply injured to his chest. After then they were sent to jail by the truck.The Chain of iron were put on at the foot of each Satyagrahis. and provided iron pan to eat and a bowl to drink water. Pot of soil used for the toilet. On the second day in court Section 109 imposed to all of them . Which means to stray-man were sentenced to jail for one year . In Nagpur jail the behavior towards prisoners  was inhumane by the British. The paper was made in jail. Old and useless paper files were put in the tank to rot . These files were attached bu iron pins which  causes the pain.If they refused to do work the jailer trapped by heavy wooden stick between his two legs . thus they feel difficulty in walking and sitting. sometimes they put handcuffs and nailed to the wall. They were given rotten pulses and bread  of coarse flour to eat.

The warden of Nagpur  jail was a resident of Ireland who always used comments on prisoners . on the other hand flag movement was on in full swing. The British began tensioned . He had no idea that this phenomena will spread all over India and will turn to movement. The whole MP jails were filled by the patriots and the case was mounting continuously. A meeting of MP council was held and a bill was passed that the India's national flag can anywhere in India.

A Congress procession was marched out under Makhan Lal Chaturvedi . The British government became silentl and MP government left all the prisionars together. All the five revolutionary of Hamirpur returned to Kulphad by train.

Credits: Samar Gatha by Dr Bhawani deen
Image: www.hoix.org

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Livestock in Hamirpur

Animals are used during sowing, to draw water from wells, and to transport people and goods. Dung is used as fuel. Some supplemental income can come from sale of milk. For these reasons, and also possibly due to traditional Hindu reverence for the cow, Hamirpur has had a high livestock population for ages.

It is often said that there is more livestock than human population in Hamirpur.

High ownership of goats and other animals is not matched by fodder resources. As shown in the table in Land Use in Hamirpur, grazing land in UP Hamirpur is negligible. As a percentage of total area,  it also had more land under forests, which are also used for grazing. This accounts for higher animals per capita in MP Hamirpur. 

Animal husbandry is an integral component of District’s agriculture supporting livelihood of more than two-thirds of the rural population. Animals provide nutrient-rich food products, draught power, dung as organic manure and domestic fuel, hides & skin, and are a regular source of cash income for rural households. They are a natural capital, which can be easily reproduced to act as a living bank with offspring as interest, and an insurance against income shocks of crop failure and natural calamities. Livestock employed 2.2% in the agricultural work force.

Open grazing, including stray grazing, is normal in Hamirpur. during the monsoons, under supervision of  'charwahas' Animals from several neighboring villages are so fed for a period of three to four months.

As a result of all the above factors, overall availability of food for animals in Hamirpur is much below minimum requirement.

Poor food supply is reflected in poor milk yields. The economic value of livestock includes: Meat, Dairy Products, Fiber, Fertilizer, Labor and Land management. Thus, one can say that, overall, the economic benefits of Hamirpur's cattle are largely indirect. Cattle are mostly useful as draught animals. Another important benefit is that they supply cow dung, which is used as compost and fuel, and in flooring of houses.

Nevertheless, there is a large cattle 'stock' from the past, and this along with rising goat population is a reason for big concern as, in the absence of awareness or social  mobilisation to control open grazing, the animals are further reducing the region's diminished natural vegetation. Arguably, Hamirpur's cattle population is more a liability rather than an asset from a macro perspective that looks at long-term effects of environmental degradation.

There has been some talk of turning the cattle stock to an asset through development of a leather industry, but that is a very sensitive issue, especially in Hamirpur's predominantly Hindu cultural ethos. A few NGO efforts have been limited to promoting utilization of 'fallen carcass'.

Rising poultry ownership is a significant trend that has not been capitalized by government, NGOs or organized industry. Poultry rearing in Hamirpur remains a 'backyard' activity unsupported by sizeable investments in breeding, hatching, rearing, processing, or complementary supply of veterinary health services, poultry feed, and poultry equipment.

Fishing is done, mainly by scheduled caste groups like Dhimar, in the numerous tanks and ponds of the region, especially in Yamuna River.

Fishing leases are given to fishermen's cooperative societies but quite often, the societies are controlled by big landlords or powerful musclemen ('dabangs'). The fishermen themselves do not own the boats or nets they use; these are owned by the well-off landlords, who pay the fishermen daily wages and take away all the earnings from the catch. The fishermen do all the work, from breeding to selling in local markets. In many other cases, the fishermen are controlled by middlemen who finance the business.

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Surendra Datt Bajpeyi

Surendra Dutt Bajpeyi was born in Bharwa Sumerpur. His Father Balbhadra Bajpeyi was a head master of a middle school. He qualified higher education of Cambridge. He was Talented and passionate from childhood.

He had the spirit of patriotism and the love for social backward classes. As a result of the inspiration gained He followed Congress and made Banda his working Land.He published a letter 'Satyagrahi'.On that time two news papers 'Bundelkhand Keshari' and 'Satyagrahi' were belching the fire against British rule.He was Arrested in 1990 under the press act and  British government sentenced him to 6 months in jail.he published 'Satyagrahi after releasing from the jail.consequently once again he arested on 1932 and sent to jail for one year.In 1940 he passes his jail life with Pt Jawahar Lal Nehru and R.S Pandit in Luchnow Camp jail. He wad detonated in 1942 in Agra Jail.

After independence in 1948, Bajpai was appointed private secretary of Govind Vallabh Pant. Pant was so impressed with his guileless habits and attitude that he was elected for the Legislative Assembly in 1952 through the Congress party. And from 1952 to 1967 he was remain M.L.A.he done social service with a Selfless sense. In 1948 he became In-charge of regional board. Lal Bahadur Shastri was always loving him.In his whole life of 67 years he was Diligent and honest.His main Character in his personality that he believed in fresh politics.he does not like violence in politics.He did not compromise with the doctrines of his life. He followed the virtue of social service life time.

This is why he was recognize as diligent, honest and better politician.he never done money related politics in his intire life.

The thatched house where he was born, it still stands which vouched his honesty. There was nothing done in Bharwa Sumerpur to preserved his memory. He was died on 31 August 1979.

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Tourist Location

Bundelkhand has an identity of its own in History, and Hamirpur is the gateway of Bundelkhand so many historical places are scattered around this region. Some of them are

Rath: This region belongs to Pandawa in Mahabharat period. This region is called Virat puri at that time. Keechaka was killed by Bheem.

Dhanauri: The cows of the king  Virat  was abducted from Gnauri village which is located at Rath. Ghanauri's previous name is Dhenu-hari. There is two meeting halls of Chandelas and a Barah Khambha. 

Mosque of Aurangjeb:There is a mosque in Rath Build by Aurangjeb.

Bade Peer: At the time of Aurangzeb, A religious person  bring a brick of  a famous shrine of Sekh Abdul Qadir Jilani from Baghdad and made a Dargaah.

Daanu Mamu: At the time of British rule. Sumer Singh Lodhi and Awanti Bai started the freedom struggle from this place. Awanti bai was the first lady of this place who helped and supported Maharani Laxmi Bai. Sumer Singh was hanged on Maurani Pur. His mausoleum built hare at Danu Mamu in Budhauliya pura.

Swami Brahmanand Monument: Social reformer swami Brahmanand's Working place is rath. A monument was built in the premises of his degree college.

Gandhi Ashram:The sign of Dewwan Shatrughan Singh's Social work is the Gandhi Ashram, Gandhi School and Hindi Bhawan in Kalpi.

Gadhi Mangrauth: The name was derived from the Magar (crocodiles) lived here. In the last of 12^th century Rajaram inhabited in Magrauth from Rajasthan. His son Babu Singh had created a fort of Ramgarh, Mangrauth fortress and a place in th sake of his father near the Manjhgawan village across the dhasan river.

Gadhi Jigni: Babu Singh who comes from Mount Abu, the pratihar king had made his second fort in Jigni.

Maudaha: Maudha is mentioned as a stronghold in times of Chandelas. It is said that it covered by huge trees in the past with the abundance of honey.thus its name turns to Maudaha.In Mughal period,this region is well known for the breeding and raising of elephants. There is a Hathi Darwaja of Mughal Period for the treatment of mad elephants.

Mudkata Baba: It is a Dargah of Nawab Senapati Daler Khan situated at mankraon road it is called Mudkata Baba.

Elephant door in Hamirpur: Chandel Chandel King Hammir Varman had build a fort at the bank of river Yamuna to stop the invaders. Which was destroyed in flood only stairs of the castle and Hathi Darwaja are remain.

Badan pur: The founder of hamirpur come from Alwar and stayed in a home of Ahir Badna and involved in his social work. This place is called Badan pur by the name of Badna.

Bhuiyan Rani: In Jhalokhar village Near a  small deep lake shore, there is a temple of Bhuiyan Rani. The soil have such properties so that the body has become dust off many diseases.

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Female in workforce

I'm not saying about hamirpurites, but the people who are not belong to this tract of land will amazed in this topic. This topic is dedicated to femalehood who earns for the livelihood of their family.

Working women

The proportion of women in the workforce in Hamirpur is generally higher than the state average.

While, according to Census 2001, female workers constituted  75 % of the total population of district.

This may indicate that cultural norms which discourage women from working in UP are not generally as deeply rooted in Hamirpur. However, higher female work participation could also be seen as sign of higher economic vulnerability. It is also an indicator of lower enrollment of girls in schools, as working girls are also considered 'workers'.



Some Female workers are in private sector factories like Rimjhim Steel Plant and Hans coasting. They are also engaged in small industrial units and businesses.

Here are some areas where you are most likely to see female working:

Farm girl

1. Farming: It is the biggest employer for women. An estimated 70% of women work in agriculture. The majority of them are involved in crop farming, while the rest rear livestock.

2. Handlooms product: Roughly 10% of working women are in manufacturing,

3. Construction: Hamirpurites used to seeing women carrying bricks or freshly-mixed cement on baskets on their heads will not be surprised to find that construction is the third-largest employer of women, with 5% of working women.

4. Schools: Educated and skilled females are working in education. most of them in primary education& some are imparting their services in private schools.

5. Bissiness : Few women work in vegitable markets, food stores, hawkers and other bussiness activities.

6. Housework: Some women imparting household services like massage of pregnant lady and house sweeper.

7. Art services: The women who are skilled in beauty treatments, tailoring, sewing, Croatia art and designs.

8. Stone workers: Stone sills are created by females in Bharwa Sumerpur. As with the rest of the working population  the majority of female workers are employed in agriculture. Of note is the number of women who work mainly as cultivators

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Employment Resources

Hamirpur rank among the least developed regions of the state, with low industrialization and low urbanization. Agriculture is the main occupation in Hamirpur. As the table below shows, according to Census 2001, percentage of main workers engaged in agriculture, as cultivators or laborers, was less than.

For the agriculture conditions are not good for growth of cash crops like sugarcane and cotton. Productivity is affected by the poor irrigation and the soil types. Rising input costs and frequent incidence of drought are pushing agricultural laborers and small farmers out of agriculture.

The majority of rural households are depend for income by migrate to other place. Increased migration and increased use of tractors (hired or owned) would account for the significant reduction in the percentage of agriculture laborers between 1991 and 2001 in Hamirpur and near about districts.

Some depends in Other work' includes working in government service, private sector factories in Bharwa Sumerpur, small industrial units, and businesses like trading. Other work also includes working as labor in stone quarries at Kabrai and Mahoba.

No any industries paying sufficient amount of pay for the livelihood. and Service industry was limited also.

The Chart below shows employment sources of non-agricultural main workers.The breakup of main workers is according to their 'main' occupation. In the fishing, 

forestry and mining sectors, there are many more workers engaged as casual or occasional workers. 

The mining sector also employs a large number of migrant workers, from other districts or other states. This employment is not reflected in figures.

• The blue area shows the total main worker.

• 'Red are indulge in Agriculture.

Many degee holdar youth is under unemployment. As has been said that Hamirpur have the lackness of employment resources. Industrial units in Bharwa Sumerpur is vanishing. Most of which is left other states people working. Most unemployed are working in Delhi and Sural city. Government plans and programs are useless as it not helpful in generating employment.Figurs of Employment Office published in Amar Ujala Newspaper confirms it. since the start of Employment office the total registration is 66474 in which 15001 are women and 51474 are male.these 15 001 66 475 women and 51 474 men Berojagaro is the registration is made. In these days employment office employed just 280 people. In which the number of women is nill.

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Flora And Fauna

The natural Flora and Fauna get impacted by the diversity of soil types and climate.

Hamirpur's climate is affected by monsoon.so  has a monsoon climate, so there are majority of intensively deciduous forest. As we already discussed that Hamirpur comes in plain area including some southern part.

80% part of Hamirpur's Plain sub-region, there is practically no forest land.However, very little  forest remains in Hamirpur today, only in the middle area like Beri, Bajehta, Kudra and Bhedi ganj. Less than 8% of the land is notified as forest land And wild animals have become a rare sight.

In plain sub-region areas of Hamirpur districts, along the banks of rivers like Betwa and Yamuna, we see acacias like babul and khair, palas, ber, tendu, mahua, semal and kardhai. 

while Hamirpur's southern part contains Bushes type vegetation  which include Babool, Karaunda, and plum.

Another very useful tree for people living around forests is mahua. It is an important source of food and livelihood for people living in and around forests.

sometimes Jackal, Peacock, wanrojh, monkeys, Neel gaay, wild pig and wild cat are seen.

A wide range of fish is found in Hamirpur's rivers, including species known locally as rahu, bhadur, mrigal, tingar, singahi, mangur, awda, baam, sooja, sinni, padheen and mahasir.

The Forest are disappearing as it is facing high pressure from the growing human population living in which removing firewood illegally. Forests and scrub lands are intensively used by to source firewood for consumption and sale.Also cattle is generally left loose to graze around the borders of the notified reserve resulting in degradation of the forest cover area.

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Grass Lands

Hamirpur have some stretches of grasslands, which used as pastures or grazing land'.Significant area of permanent pastures is not found anywhere in the districts, except in the southern portion of the district but according to State of Forest Report 2005 District have 1.6% Moderately dense forest and 2.6% open forest is Considered as grasslands .

generally the noncultivated land which produces grasses like doob (Cynodon dactylon),  and the kans (Saccharum spontaneum) turns to grass land.

Kail and mushial are found in black soil in plain areas.while kans (kansa), an invasive, perennial grass that grows up to three metres in height.does not have any significant area.It is particularly seen after a season of rainfall, and grows rapidly in poorly cultivated soils; it does not generally grow in fields continuously cultivated and carefully prepared for the wheat crop.

Its long and tenacious roots gain a firm hold with the soil and it becomes almost impossible to remove till 12 to 15 years, after which it loses its vitality and the land becomes fit to plough again.No permanent or sure remedy has been found to prevent appearance or growth of kans. The area under permanent pastures has been reducing rapidly, due to high livestock population and pressure to bring more area under cultivation.

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Poverty in Hamirpur

"Dalit, Harijan, SC & ST". If you are regularly updated for news, you know thease words. The people, whose conditions are miserable are poors.

Agriculture is nothing but a livelihood practicesby this backward groups.

Most “Harijans” have poor quality land, in which only coarse cereals can be grown. production will be very low If there is inadequate rainfall in June, around sowing time, and again in September.

So, many people give away their lands to bigger farmers on lease, Balkat, or Batiya

and migrate to other places for livelihood.

 Produces from self cultivated land meets minimum food needs of families for two to six months only. The “Harijans” also depend on the forest to meet their food requirements. for instance collecting Mahuwa (A kind of juicy yellow flower) and plums.

Liquor brewed from mahua sell for the money and  flowers are often the main meal in cold winter days. Mahuwa and situwa is preferred by old hamirpurites.

 For four to eight months of a year, most adult members of families migrate to nearby areas or other states to find work. Those that stay back work as a Bonded Labor of Thakurs and Large Farmers.

With the money they earn, “Harijans” buy wheat, but generally families cannot afford to buy all the wheat they require; hence they mix kodo, a coarse cereal they grow, for making chappatis. 

If they require Emergency cash they needs to contact with local money lenders who charge 5% to 25% interest per month. Some Chit-Fund"s spreading their legs within the poors.

families collected forest produce like mahua, tendu leaves, chironji and amla. While some of the produce, especially mahua, is stored for home consumption, most of it is sold to middlemen at very low rates. June to September, families worked on their own lands; those who owned no land, or rocky patches, migrated to find work. In October, people migrated to get wages for harvesting paddy; some migrated to find other kind of work.

November to January was the most difficult time; no agricultural labor work is available then. Except for those who had been lucky to save some money from wage earnings, families either migrated to seek non-agricultural labor, or borrowed from moneylenders. By a horribly cruel irony, November to January is the 'festival' time of extravagant expenditure and consumption of rich foods for middle class India.

Agriculture in Hamirpur | Suicides | Survival Practices by marginalized groups | Hamirpur Agricultural Profits | Agricultural Production of Hamirpur

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Hamirpur Agricultural Profits

The Agriculture of Hamirpur imparting the lower profits to the national revenue . And there are no any efforts from government side to increase the total productivity.All the farmers in Hamirpur are essentially engaged in subsistence farming, which is highly Dependant on a rainfall.

Since the 1990s, profitability of agriculture has been affected seriously by rising costs used in cultivation like the coste of fertilizers, seeds, diesel,and this is not possible in lower economical Hamirpur.

Mustard was also grown. The yield per bigha was 10 kg. The minimum support price for this commodity that year was Rs 1600 a quintal. Hence, per bigha income from mustard can be assumed to be Rs 160. There was also income from sale of husk - around Rs 250 per bigha. Hence total income per bigha would have been around Rs 3866.

Assuming that households sell off the entire produce from land .Yearly input costs per bigha were as follows:

Fertilisers (1 bag diammonium phosphate + 1 bag urea)     = Rs 1070.00

Seeds (25 kg)                                                                               = Rs 275.00

Rent of diesel engine for pumping up tubewell water           = Rs 400.00

Diesel cost @ Rs 25 litres and use of 25 litres                        = Rs 625.00

Labour cost (ploughing + cutting + threshing)                       = Rs 800.00

Thus the total input costs for a year is Rs 3170 and the net profit per bigha would have been Rs 756. The majority of Hamirpur farmers have less than 10 bighas, and cultivate only in one season; so annual family income from agriculture, for the majority of farmers, in a well-irrigated area, in a year of good monsoon, at assured procurement prices, and assuming there were no disturbances such as a heat wave before harvesting, would have been only Rs 6000-Rs 10,000, taking into account other variables like quality of soil and use of unpaid household labor.

The majority of households with small land area have to depend on additional income by working in the field of large farmers, at road and other government or non-government construction sites. Some households would earn additional income through the sale of milk, goat, eggs or chicken When adequate such opportunities of earnings are not available in and around the village for the households, migration will be held.

The marginalized groups like scheduled tribes have poor agriculture productivity.

Agriculture in Hamirpur | Suicides | Survival Practices by marginalized groups | Hamirpur Agricultural Profits | Agricultural Production of Hamirpur

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Agricultural Production of Hamirpur

As God gifted us good quality of soil. per the data of District-wise crop production statistics 2002-03 data Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, Hamirpur districts produced a total of around 2310 tons while the yielding is 3027 kg/hectare. And total annual production of gram in 2002-03 was over 970 tones, while gram is showing  an decrease in average agricultural output per hectare in last some years. The region also accounts for highest production of tur/arhar and masoor. Banda and Hamirpur are the state's top producers of jowar (around 980 tons /year)

However, Hamirpur rank nil in the production of rice.

Except some kinds of grains like Gram, San and Kodo. Yields have increased in Hamirpur over the past few decades, mainly due to increased area under irrigation and comparatively higher use of fertilizers.

However, Hamirpur remains a low agriculture productivity in comprising with Jalaun zone Yield of wheat and pulses and rice are in better condition in Jalaun. However, Hamirpur rank nil in the production  of Rice (see tables).   

Agriculture in Hamirpur | Suicides | Survival Practices by marginalized groups | Hamirpur Agricultural Profits | Agricultural Production of Hamirpur

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Agriculture in Hamirpur

Hamirpur's economy is mostly based on agriculture. District is situated in a Plain sub-region of Yamuna and Betwa, so over 70% of total area is used for cultivation.

According to India’s census figure, 70 per cent of Hamirpur's working population is engaged in agriculture.

Though yields are low due to irrigation facilities were not sufficient.Farmers depended mainly on rain water for irrigation.some other factors that affect the agricultural productivity.

1-Some factors, like weather, are out of the control of the farmer.Unusual rain patterns, such as drought, a long or nil rainy season, early or late frosts, and other factors, can ruin crops and bring agricultural productivity down. The capacity of a given land is also an important factor. Soil cannot be forced to produce beyond capacity, although farmers are using fertilizers so that it can support.

2 -Castles (Anna System) is a another concern.Now a days People are using tractors for cultivation and all other activities of harvesting thus there is no use of bulls in the field while in the past. Hamirpur's agriculture was depends on the labor of bulls.so the cow and there family steed free which decreases the productivity.Main Crop Categories are -

The Rabi crops are grown between the months mid November to April. Rabi crops require irrigation.Examples of Rabi Crops: Wheat, Gram, Pea, Mustard, Linseed, Barley.
Kharif crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rains in July.Common kharif crops are-Millet, Maize (corn), Mung bean (green gram), Urad bean (black gram), Pea, Peanut (groundnut)

In 2012, the National Crime Records Bureau of India reported about the farmer suicides in Hamirpur and Banda. Reasons for farmer suicides, such as monsoon failure, high debt burdens, genetically modified crops, government policies and public mental health.

Agriculture in Hamirpur | Suicides | Survival Practices by marginalized groups | Hamirpur Agricultural Profits | Agricultural Production of Hamirpur

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